六级写作讲义--结构篇

本文来自新东方名师的课堂讲义，名师总结了历年四、六级考试写作的题型；并对文章结构和句子结构的写作进行了阐述，现将其整理如下，供大家参考。希望对大家的四，六级写作有帮助。一、题型分类 (Classification of every essay):1、对比观点话题:题型特点：1) 大多为三点提纲，提纲模式一般为：有一些人……；还有人……；我的看法或观点；2) 少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况，此时可以补充成三点提纲来写作。历年真题：2000.6； 1999.6； 1998.6； 1997.6； 1996.1；1995.6；1993.6； 1993.12、 社会热点话题:题型特点：1) 应该为三点提纲，但是通常以两点提纲出现的题目居多，所涉及主题为当时社会热点；2) 如果是两点提纲，则补充成三点提纲写作。3) 通常模式为：现象概述--细节（原因、危害、方式等）--自我评论历年真题：2002.12； 2000.12； 2000.1； 1999.1； 1997.12； 1995.1；3、图标题:题型特点：1) 以图表作为信息来源的写作模式2) 通常模式为：描述图表--解释原因--自我评论历年真题：2003.6; 2000.6； 1996.6； 1992.1； 1991.64、书信题:题型特点：1) 写书信历年真题：2001.6； 2002.1；5、谚语格言题:题型特点：1) 文章题目为一句格言或谚语2) 通常模式为：解释谚语--举例论证--画龙点睛历年真题：1997.1；二、文章的逻辑结构：一）典型的对比观点文章的逻辑结构：(启)Paragraph I:1) 引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；2) 简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。(承)Paragraph II:1) 提出一种观点或优点；2) 本段的支持性分论点；3) 本段总结(可以省略)。(转)Paragraph III:1) 承上启下的过渡句；2) 提出另一种观点或缺点；3) 本段的支持性分论点4) 本段总(可以省略)。(合)Paragraph IV:1) 平衡两种看法；2) 给出自己的观点。二）图表题文章写作逻辑结构：Paragraph I:1) 描述图表：趋势描写；2) 描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。Paragraph II:1) 提出自己理由和观点；2) 细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。Paragraph III:1) 预测未来和提出解决方法；2) 总结全文和表达作者自己观点。图表题文章有用的表达方式有:1) According to the graph 如图所示，还可以说成 As can be seen from the graph2) steep rise 陡然上升， steady decrease 缓慢下降三）书信题写作五点基本结构开门见山说意图咨询建议一二三不同内容可分段感谢客气不可少期盼回信成老套开 头 段：1. 告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你）1) Dear Sir/Mr. Prometheus,2) I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.3) I am a … at your …4) I am a … at your college, enrolled in the … course.5) My name is …, I am ….2. 问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）1) Dear Prometheus,2) Hello/Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / How are things going with you?/ How are you getting on in……?3. 解释写信的原因(1). 致谢：1) I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.2) I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.3) Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada.4) I am writing to you to express my heartfelt gratitude.5) I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…….6) I would like to thank you most sincerely for…….(2). 抱怨：1) I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.2) I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at …3) I wish to make a complaint about…….4) I am writing to draw your attention to…….5) I am afraid I have got a complaint about…….(3). 致歉：1) I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects.2) I am writing to you because I am unable to…….3) I am terribly sorry that…….4) I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…….(4). 询问：1) I would like to obtain/request/seek/inquire about some information about…2) I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.3) I would like some detailed information on/about……结 尾 段：1. 发出请求1) Please give this matter your immediate attention.2) I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible.3) Please render me some valuable advice which is conducive to my final decision.2. 提供帮助1) I hope these ……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.2) ……will be taking over responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you.3. 再次表示歉意或感激1) Thank you for your kind assistance.2) Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.3) I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will understand.4) In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.www.yingyuzuowen.cn5) I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.6) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.4. 期盼回信1) I look forward to your prompt response.2) Looking forward to a prompt reply.3) I expect to hear from you very soon.4) I hope to receive your reply shortly.5) I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.各类文章主体句式(Body)总结如下：1. 原 因 结 果例：There are probably +[many/several/three]+[resons/causes]+ for this +[dramatic/marked]+[increase/decline/change]+ in...2. 比 较 对 照例：[There is no doubt that/Obviously,]+ it has [its/both]+[drawbacks/disadvantages/negative effects]+[as well as/and]+[merits/advantages/positive effects]...3. 例 证例：We may +[cite/quote/mention/take/point out]+[a single/a common/another]+ example of...4. 事 实例：No one can +[deny/doubt/ignor/overlook]+ the +[bare/hard/essential/profound]+ fact that...5. 数 据 调 查例：A +[recent/new/nationwide]+[study/survey/poll/investigation]+[conducted/taken]+[at a factory/by officials]...6. 权 威（专 家）例：As one +[scientist/writer/doctor/psychologist]+[wrote/commented/pointed out/noted], ...7. 分 析例：It seems +[quite/almost]+[(un)likely/(im)possible/(in)credible/(in)conceivable]+ that...文章的整体结构框架搭建好，再填入精炼的句子和优美的词汇表达，相信你一定会写出优美的文章！赢得高分！