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2017年12月英语四级美文:Money

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  2017年12月英语四级美文100篇汇总

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  Money

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  In the earliest stages of man’s development

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  he had no more need of money than animals have.

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  He was content with simple forms of shelter

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  and from natural materials around him,

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  he made his own rough tools and weapons.

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  As he became more civilized,

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  however, he began to want better shelter,

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  more efficient tools and weapons,

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  and more comfortable clothing

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  than could be provided by the work of his own unskilled hands.

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  For these things he had to turn to the skilled people

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  such as smiths and carpenters who were springing up everywhere.

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  It was then that the question of payment arose.

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  At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange.

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  The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle

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  was glad to take meat or grain

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  from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough.

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  But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value

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  came on the market,

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  exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory.

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  Another problems arose

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  when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood,

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  leather or iron,

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  but had nothing to offer in exchange

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  until their finished goods were ready.

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  Thus the difficulties of exchange

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  led by degrees to the invention of money.

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  In some countries,

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  easily handled things like seeds or shells

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  were given a certain value and the farmer,

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  instead of paying the smith for a new axe

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  by giving him some meat or grain,

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  gave him so many shells.

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  If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food,

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  he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade.

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  In some countries quite large things

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  such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade.

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  Later, pieces of metal,

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  bearing values according to the rarity of the metal

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  and the size of the pieces of coins were used.

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  Money as we know it had arrived.

  2017年12月英语四级美文100篇汇总

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