GRE写作逻辑框架不给力？不要轻视这3种常见错误！
写作是一个主动思考并有序输出的一个过程，我们最终呈现给考官是整篇文章逻辑框架，而非某一词某一句。因此把握全文的逻辑框架结构就显得非常重要。这里展示了几个常见的逻辑框架的错误，考试们可要当心哦。
问题一：不合适的主旨句或主题句
总所周知，我提出的1+3模型是以开头段的主旨句和中间段的主题句为基本框架的。有些同学在运用这个模型时，对主旨句和主题句内容的设置上出现偏差。这种偏差的出现就意味着整篇文章基本上废掉了。因此，强烈建议初学者不要急于写全文，而应该先写提纲，找版友对提纲提意见结合我的范文思路修改提纲后再写全文。比如某同学写的issue 34 (In any situation, progressrequires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view)的主旨句是这样的：
Whether the statement holds true depends onwhich area we are discussing here. In scientific research, it is absolutelytrue that progress often times requires discussion among people who havecontrasting points of view. similarly, in politics, the eclectic solutionsbetween two parties holding contrasting views are often better than the eitherof the two extreme ones. However, in the business world, contrasting points ofviews would often times do more harm than good.
很明显这位同学在用1+3模型，这是值得肯定的。但是，接下来的中间段主题句是这样的：
To begin with, scientificresearch showed that taking in the contributions of two contrasting points ofviews often gives rise to a new and more accurate description of the fact.
这里的主题句是在回应主旨句中的第一个要点(已涂黑)。然而仔细看看我们会发现，两者之间并没有很好地呼应。主旨句讲的是在科研这个语境中这个命题是成立的，而主题句中却在讨论某个科研结果显示这个命题是成立的，而这个科研所研究的讨论是在何种语境下发生却未具体指明。这里附上我在博士论文中的一段讨论或许更清晰一些
In the thesis statement, the student writerclaims that the issue statement holds true in the context of scientificresearch. Yet, in the topic sentence, she suggests that the statement holdstrue according to some scientific research. These are two different claims as the one in the thesis statement is aboutscientific research whereas the one in the topic sentence is about some unknowntopics the discussion of which has been studied scientifically. Therefore, there is a mismatch between thethesis statement and the topic sentence despite their seemingly similarcontents.
问题二：不合适或不相干的例证
找到合适的例证论述和支撑自己的观点是GRE写作(尤其是issue)的重点和难点。坊间有些参考书脱离真题的具体问题而罗列出一些所谓的干货，看起来内容很丰富，但对于实际的写作没有太大的帮助。要想写出好的文章，首先要在开始写作前就想好合适的例证支撑观点，而不是一边想一边想。
这里是某同学写的 issue 65(Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and todisobey and resist unjust laws)的其中一段的节选：
Other than just laws, one should alsocomply with unjust laws established in the society.… For instance, still on thefree way, a person exceeds the speed limit and is caught by a police needs topay a fine according to the law. In this case, the person might think the lawis unjust, as this person does not hurt anyone, but need to be punished.However, if everyone over-speed on the free way and not taking responsibilityfor the mistake, the road will become a mess.
这里作者讨论的是高速公路上超速罚款的法规，作为不正义的法律的例子。作者认为只要司机没有伤害到别人就不应该因为超速而受罚。所以把这条规则视作不正义。但是，我们要认识到超速受到惩罚不是因为超速一定会造成意外，而是这种行为增加了意外的风险，因此出于安全考虑需要惩罚这种行为。因此这里将超速的相关规则当做不正义的是很难成立的。所以这个例证在这里并不合适。
还有一位同学再写issue 33的时候提到一个很偏门的例子：Today,as people know more knowledge about sleep, they understand that sleep paralysisis a common disease caused by stress and can manage to recover. 这里sleep paralysis 也许是相关的例子但是由于读者可能没听说过，所以也不宜在考场上使用。
问题三：缺乏支撑的细节
仅仅有合适的例证是不够的，我们还需要在文章中提供足够的细节来解释例子如何支持观点。比如某同学写的issue 65 (Every individual in a society has aresponsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws)的其中一个中间段：
There will surely be concerns about the consequences of implementingunjust laws and forcing people to obey them. To address such concerns, thereshould be ways through which people can express their disagreement within thelegal framework. For example, laws once gave people different rights based ontheir race or gender, which was totally unjust. Martin Luther King Jr. and hisfollowers chose to express their disagreement in a peaceful way, to call forattention on the inequity and urge the improvements of laws. Similarly, withlegal pretests feminists expressed their requirements on equal pay, equalrights of vote and other social rights. In such ways, unjust laws would beabolished and replaced by just laws, without driving the whole society intochaos.
这里主题句里提到了consequences，但是后面的讨论中并没有具体指出是什么后果。例子中提到的laws once gave people different rights based on their race or gender, which was totally unjust这句话显得比较笼统，可能加上 in the US这个限定词会更好一些。总的来说这段写的不算太差，相信还有很多同学在写中间段的时候都面临没有很好地解释例证的问题。
再比如说某同学写的issue 78 (People'sattitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings thanby society as a whole)
As children begin to study in schools, they have more opportunities tointeract with the society but are still limited by their families, resulting inthe society and their immediate surroundings to equally impact their attitudes.On the one hand, as students, children can meet plenty of schoolmates and canuse the Internet to get more information from the society. For instance, theymay start to watch TV episodes and discuss with their peers. In this case, theywill form their own attitude towards fashion. On the other hand, they are stillconstraint by their families as long as they live with their family members. Aserious parent may not allow their kids to use drugs, or they may even taketheir kids to a higher-quality institute simply to avoid their kids to contactwith any drug.
注意这句话讲的是电视剧影响了孩子们对时尚的态度。这本来是个很好的point，如果能接着写一些更具体的解释就更好了。可惜作者接下来就讲另一个point了。
把握全文的逻辑框架是每一位面临GRE考试的考生都必须具备的能力。这种能力需要在平时的训练中有目的性的培养，在写作中认识到这些错误的存在，并有意识的去避开它们，长久坚持，你的逻辑行文能力就能大上一个台阶啦。
(本文观点选自寄托天下，不代表本站立场。如有任何问题，请联系英语作文大全进行修改或删除。)
GRE ISSUE写作怎样轻松拿到4分+?高分作文审题布局心得指点
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