数字飙榜--雅思大作文考试之十大关键词
雅思大作文是典型的学术类议论文, 其重要特征之一是依靠词汇的准确多变来丰富观点的意思和加强论证力度。很多烤鸭一厢情愿地认为,作文中的词汇要“既大又难”,由此陷入背诵词汇的无底深渊。如果仔细研究剑桥考官的范文,你会发现从来没有出现过真正能算得上是彪悍的词汇,大部分词甚至还没有达到大学英语六级的难度。然而,一些貌似简单的词被考官们用得非常经典,要么丰富了句意,要么增强了表达,要么体现了思维的严密性。这些词用起来相当有范儿,考起来相当拿分,现在是该我们好好认识一下他们的时候了。
1. outweigh
【词性】动词
【出现频率】三星
【用法】当想要表达 “…多于/超过…” 的时候,第一个跳入你脑海的词组往往是 “…be more than…”。但是,如果你多看几个大作文的题目,outweigh这个词永远是衡量利弊型文章的一个题目标志,它不单纯只是数量多少的比较,更重要的是,体现了二者利弊和分量的权衡。
2. tend
【词性】动词
【出现频率】三星
【用法】这个词常常加在谓语动词前,构成 “tend to…”,意思是 “往往会… / 易于…”,表示一种不太绝对的推断,使你在议论文中的观点有退身的余地,显得不绝对,不偏激。剑5 P165考官范文中:They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research. 此外,由于大作文题目中的两个立场其实都是有道理的,表达观点的时候,“I tend to think…” 比 “I think…” 更好,因为我们不是非黑即白,而只是“倾向”其中一方而已,从而为整篇文章的双边论证定下基调。
3. perspective
【词性】名词
【出现频率】三星
【用法】“perspective” 的意思是 “远景”,强调的是对事物的整体把握,短语 “get a clear perspective of…” 的字面意思是 “得到了对…的清楚的远景”,其实就是 “清楚地认识到…”的意思。剑5 P165: that is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why; 剑4 P165 考官范文中: I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. 同理,如果你想表达 “缺乏对…的认识”,只需把 “get” 换成 “lack” 即可。
4. Increasingly
【词性】副词
【出现频率】四星
【用法】“more and more…” 表示“越来越…” 已经有点过时了,在雅思的大作文中,我们会发现最潮流的表达是increasingly。剑4 P169 考官范文中:Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem. 该词的形容词形式increasing也经常用来表示“递增的”,如“increasing demand”.
5. By
【词性】介词
【出现频率】四星
【用法】这是一个很简单的介词,表示“通过… / 靠…”。 但在大作文中,尤其是报告类,我们经常忘记可以在一个动作后加个by doing…, 表示这个动作可以通过什么样的形式来实现。剑5 P165考官范文中:Governments can encourage such action by putting taxes on packaging, such as plastic bags, by providing recycling services and by fining households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste. 考官句中的连续三个by使得整个句子的意思具体丰富,而且有流畅的节奏感。
6. justify
【词性】动词
【出现频率】五星
【用法】在议论文中,这个词很管用,意思是“使…具有合理性”,主动或者被动都很好用,它的形容词形式是 “justified”。剑6 P164考官范文中:I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars; All of these factors may justify the huge earnings. 这个词让你的句子更具学术性,更有议论文的范儿。
7. benefit
【词性】名词,动词
【出现频率】五星
【用法】这个词是个双栖选手,作动词时可以说 “benefit…, 使…受益” 和 “benefit from…., 从…中受益”;做名词的时候常以复数形式 “benefits” 来替换 “advantages”,表示“好处”;剑4 P169 考官范文中: If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit; P173: They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents, so they can benefit from both environments.
8. in terms of…
【词性】连词
【出现频率】五星
【用法】该词组是考官范文中的一个常客,意为 “在…方面”,用来限制作者观点的适用范围,同时也使句子的意思更加丰满。剑5 P165考官范文中:A young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. 剑4 P169:High quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation.
9. regardless of
【词性】连词
【出现频率】五星
【用法】意思为“不管”,相当于我们在口语中经常说的“no matter”,但no matter 后面只能跟句子,而regardless of后面还可以跟名词。 剑4 P169 考官范文中:They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. 再来看一个大作文的考题节选:Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to employers.
10. rather than
【词性】连词
【出现频率】五星
【用法】当你想要在两者之间进行选择,比较,或者取舍的时候,这个词组一定会派上用场。“而不是”一定可以很容易地安插在你的大作文中,因为如果你倾向于A,自然就不太倾向B了。剑4 P165 考官范文中:Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness. 剑7 P167:Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labor relations may be poor and lead to insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.
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