8个有趣的心理事实：神奇得让你吓一跳

　　你知道为什么麦当劳，肯德基以及必胜客等快餐餐饮标志都是红色呢?你知道为什么教育学者认为夸奖小孩做事能力强比本身很有才华更重要呢?你知道为什么有时候会梦见游戏世界的情境非常清晰吗?

　　1. Colors

　　1. 颜色

　　You’ve probably noticed companies such as KFC, Pizza Hut, Domino’s, McDonald’s all use red color in the logos. Red is a color associated with excitement and youthfulness. It also stimulates the area of the brain which is responsible for color.

　　你可能已经注意到，肯德基、必胜客、达美乐以及麦当劳的标志都是红色的。红色使人联想到兴奋和年轻。红色还能刺激大脑中负责颜色的区域。

　　Most of the brands have researched to figure out which color works best to stimulate that particular emotion which can drive the sales of their products. The image below shows few examples.

　　大部分品牌都研究过什么样的颜色最能激发某种情绪，进而促销他们的产品。以下图片就是几个例子。

　　2. Studies show that you should not tell a child the he/she is “so smart” but instead commend their work.

　　2. 研究表明，人们不应夸奖小孩“很聪明”，而应称赞他们的努力。

　　According to Carol Dweck and her team at Columbia University telling kids they are smart makes them want to maintain the image of appearing smart. She says, “we tell them that this is the name of the game: Look smart, don’t risk making mistakes.” A better compliment would be “you must have worked very hard for this.”

　　根据Carol Dweck和她在哥伦比亚大学的团队研究，夸小孩聪明会使他们努力维持看上去很聪明的模样。她说：“我们在告诉他们，这个游戏的名字叫‘看上去聪明’，但不可以犯错误。”更明智的称赞应该是“你一定很努力地去做这件事了吧?”。

　　3. People who play video games often are much more likely to have lucid dreams than non-gamers.

　　3.玩电子游戏的人更容易做清晰的梦。

　　They were also better able to influence their dream worlds, as if controlling a video-game character.

　　他们也更擅长控制自己的梦境，就像控制电子游戏中的人物角色一样。

　　Here’s how to lucid dream.

　　下面就告诉你如何做清晰的梦。

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　　4. Eyes make us honest.

　　4. 眼睛使我们诚实。

　　We all know the scene: the departmental coffee room, with the price list for tea and coffee on the wall and the “honesty box” where you pay for your drinks – or not, because no one is watching.

　　我们都熟悉这个场景：在部门咖啡室，墙上列出茶和咖啡的价格，边上有一个付费的“诚信箱”(也可能没有)，没人在盯着收钱。

　　Researchers discovered that merely a picture of watching eyes nearly tripled the amount of money put in the box.

　　研究人员发现，仅仅多挂了一幅“注视的眼睛”的画，箱子里的钱就多了近三倍。

　　Melissa Bateson and colleagues at Newcastle University, UK, put up new price lists each week in their psychology department coffee room. Prices were unchanged, but each week there was a photocopied picture at the top of the list of either flowers or the eyes of real faces. The faces varied but the eyes always looked directly at the observer. In the weeks with eyes on the list, staff paid 2.76 times as much for their drinks as in weeks with flowers.

　　在英国的纽卡斯尔大学，Melissa Bateson和同事们每周都更换一次他们心理系咖啡室的饮品价格，总价格并未改变，但每周价格单上会换一幅画，画上是鲜花或眼睛。画上的面孔会改变，但眼睛却一直盯着看画的人。在价格单上有眼睛画的这几周，员工支付的饮料费要比挂鲜花画时的费用高出了2.76倍。

　　5. If you’re in a really heated situation, try to avoid the word “you”.

　　5. 如果你处在非常激动愤怒的状态，请尽量避免用“你”这个字眼。

　　The word “you” is accusatory and is not going to help.

　　因为这个字眼具有指控性，根本帮不上忙。

　　6. If you want someone to say yes to something you’re asking for, here are some options:

　　6. 如果你希望别人答应你请求的事，可以尝试以下几个方法：

　　Nod as you ask. Our brains have what are called ‘mirror neurons’ which activate to make us mimic other people’s actions. Sometimes they will also start to nod, which then makes them then agree with you.

　　在提出请求时点头。人的大脑有种所谓的“镜像神经元”，能够刺激人们模仿别人的动作。有时，如果你点头，对方也会跟着点头，这样他们就算是答应你啦。

　　If you have a big favor to ask, start by asking smaller ones ahead of time. This is called the foot in the door phenomenon. If you ask for small things, then work up to big things, people are more likely to say yes than if you start off with a huge favor.

　　如果你要请对方帮大忙，那就先开口请求帮小忙。这就是所谓的“门槛效应”。如果你先提小事，然后再扯到大问题上，要比一上来就大开口更容易争取到对方的答应。

　　Inversely, if you are asking for a small favor but still know that they will probably say no, start by asking them for a huge favor. Then when they say no, ask for the smaller one. They’re more likely to say yes, especially if they feel a bit bad about turning down the first request.

　　相反，如果你觉得请求帮小忙的话，对方也很可能拒绝，那就干脆请求帮大忙。这样当对方拒绝帮大忙时，你就可以要求帮个小忙了。这种情况下，对方一般都会答应你，因为他们会因为拒绝了你的第一次请求而感到不好意思。

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　　7. If you find a co-worker to be completely wrong about something especially in a meeting or work situation, it’s better to make yourself the point of reference.

　　7. 如果你发现同事在某件事上彻底搞错了，特别是在会议或工作场合，那么最好拿自己作参考点。

　　For example:

　　举个例子：

　　Bad: Dwight, I think you have got it completely wrong!!!!!

　　反面：Dwight，我觉得你完全搞错了!!!!

　　Better: I don’t think I understood it correctly. From what I understand, it says this _____. Am I wrong on this point?

　　正面：我想我可能在理解上有点偏颇。根据我的理解，你的意思是 ，我的理解对吗?

　　8. People who have cars with bumper stickers are more likely to exhibit road rage.

　　8. 保险杠后有车贴的人更倾向有马路杀手行为，所以按喇叭之前还是三思吧。

　　You may want to think twice before laying on the horn. A study at Colorado State University found drivers who use decals, dashboard hulas, and vanity plates, are more likely to be road ragers than others. Researchers say it comes down to the fact that people who mark their territory appear to be a bit more aggressive.

　　科罗拉多州立大学的一项调查显示，车贴花里胡哨、车牌个性虚荣的车主更可能是马路杀手。研究人员说，事实表明，标记自己领域所有权的人显得更具有挑衅性。

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