记叙文 (Narration)写作
记叙文，又称记事文或叙述文。它是用来述说人物经历或用来记叙过去所发生的一件事或一系列事的一种文体。
记叙文的主要任务是记人和叙事，而人物的活动和事件的发生总有一定的时间和地点、前因和后果。因此写记叙文时要把握六个要素，即事情发生的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果六要素。其中以时间、地点和人物为主要三大要素。
1. 开端
叙述一件事，往往有一定的情景。介绍这个情景就是开端。作者在开端中，通常要交代事件发展的时间、地点、有关人物和人与人之间相互关系等内容，帮助读者理解事件的本身。
2. 发展
叙述的主体是发展部分，通常有最初情景的产生，矛盾的发展和激化的过程。
3. 结局
记叙文的结局是事件的结束，往往不是矛盾的终止而是矛盾的某种解决。
记叙文常采用的叙述方式有三种：顺叙、倒叙和插叙。
1. 顺叙
以情节发生的时间先后为序开始记叙为顺叙或正叙。
2. 倒叙
从故事或事件结尾开始叙述为倒叙。
3. 插叙
从故事或事件中间写起为插叙。
Sample 1
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on A Day in My Summer Vacation. Remember to write clearly.
A Day in My Summer Vacation
Last summer I spent a two-week vacation at my aunt’s. My aunt lived alone in a mountain village, with a small river winding its course everyday.
One morning I went fishing in the river, where two women washed clothes. I found a most favorable point. Casting out my line, I waited anxiously for a bite. Suddenly there came a cry: “Help! Help!” I looked in the direction of the call and saw a boy falling into the river. Throwing the fishing pole, I dashed over like an arrow, jumped into the river and swam very quickly towards the boy. Then together with his mother I carried the boy on my back to a nearby hospital. That boy was saved. The mother gave me a thousand thanks.
Back to my fishing place, I found my fishing pole floating on the water. I managed to get it. But to my great surprise, there was a big fish on the hook..
评析：
本文采用三段式的行文形式，采用顺叙的方法，叙述了“我”救落水儿童的经历。第一段交代了事件发生的时间、地点和人物。第二段叙述了事件发生的过程——我去钓鱼，听见有人喊“救命”，便箭一般跑到出事地点，并纵身跳入水中营救落水儿童，受到其母的千恩万谢。第三段叙述事件的结果——救人回来，我惊奇地发现鱼上了钩。文章叙事完整，语言明晰，过度自然，浑然一体。
Sample 2
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on An Unforgettable Accident. Remember to write clearly.
An Unforgettable Accident
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was still deserted. I was on my way to school A little school boy came out of a house, walking hurriedly along. When he passed me, I heard him reciting the multiplication tables. He was still reciting when he started to cross the street.
He was too preoccupied in his study, and did not look before he crossed. Suddenly, a speeding car came around the corner. I was terrified and shouted at him to stop. But it was too late. The car ran straight towards him. Bang! He was knocked down.
I rushed towards the boy, crying for help. But the driver of the car continued his journey, ran away from his responsibility, without a further look at the unconscious boy.
The boy was still bleeding when the police, who had been informed by a passer-by, arrived with their ambulance. The police began to investigate. I had witnessed the accident, but did not have a look at the license number of the car. So I was no help, and they let me go back to class.
When I picked up the evening newspaper, my eyes were caught by one of the head-lines “Schoolboy Killed in Car Accident.” These words sent me into a sorrowful mood, and have since remained in my memory after all these years.
Sample 3
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on Our New English Teacher. Remember to write clearly.
Our New English Teacher
Miss Emily is our English teacher this term. She has been here for one year but I have never attended her classes before as she has taught in the first grade. I have, however, seen her very often and heard a great deal about her. She is known to be a teacher of considerable ability and author of a number of books. I am really lucky to be able to attend her lectures this term.
She is of medium height, about twenty five years of age. Though young and attractive in appearance she is dignified and reserved. She is somewhat strict at times but never or stern. Her patience is really wonderful She will never give up explaining until every one understands As she does not speak Chinese she has to make drawing sometimes, and I think she draws unusually well.
Her method of teaching is different from that of our former teacher. Instead of explaining fully every new lesson beforehand she just give us assignments and let us work out ourselves. She explains only during the time of recitation when she will explain and correct mistakes. In correcting compositions she follows the same rule. Instead of making corrections she just marks out all mistakes and asks us to do the correcting ourselves. This helps us to remember the errors so as to avoid repetition.
Her method means more work for us to do in the evening, as we have to consult the dictionary again and again, but we feel that we have been making a rapid progress. We are making much fewer mistakes in our compositions, and we have formed the habit of relying on ourselves. We always consult the dictionary when we have some doubt as to the meaning or spelling of any word. Every one of our class is now talking bout our new English teacher who deserves our love and respect.
Sample 4
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on An Unforgettable Test. Remember to write clearly.
An Unforgettable Test
Last Sunday, I took the GRE. It was the longest test I had ever taken. I entered the examination room at eight o’clock and did not come out until twelve. For the first hour I sat there waiting anxiously for the proctor to give out the paper. Then the exam officially began. I saw nothing but the test paper. How time flew. I did one section after another. The test was over without my knowing it.
Earlier I had taken many tests, yet at no test did I feel time so limited as this one. Usually there is plenty of time for me to go over what I have written when I finish the test. I would sit there waiting restlessly for the test to be over.
But this time, it took me over twenty minutes to have finished the two sections on math at a much slower speed than usual. God bless me. I wish I had been careful enough this time.
At noon, someone came over to talk with me about the test, which put me in doubt of whether or not I had put the number of my test certificate right on the answer sheet, I was sure I filled in the number, but I did not remember whether or not I had circled the corresponding number under it.
However, maybe all of my efforts are not made in vain. It would be terrible if I got no grades after working so hard.
Sample 5
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on My Middle School Days. Remember to write clearly.
My Middle School Days
My middle school years were the best part of my life. The school was in Shenyang, situated near Beiling Park. On Sundays, I used to visit the park with three or four schoolmates, cycling or walking along the lake or climbing on to the wall to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Sometimes I would find a quiet place to do some reading under the trees.
But this is not the reason why I consider my middle school life the best part of my life. The real reason is that all my teachers at the middle school were respectable and intelligent people. In the classroom they never neglect their duties. They were strict both in teaching and in giving marks. But after school their serious faces became smiling ones. They came into our bedrooms and chatted with us; they came to our playground and played with us. We considered them our good friends.
All my schoolmates were good and kind to one another We sometimes quarreled and even came to blows, but after a little while we forgot about it and were good friends again, we were not at all like those who talk about friendship when they actually want to do harm to others. The more often we see such people, the more we love our middle school life.
How I wish I could go back to enjoy middle school life once more!
Sample 6
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on The Night before My Departure for College. Remember to write clearly.
The Night before My Departure for College
On the night before my departure for college, there was a great fuss in my family. My mother prepared many dishes for a farewell party, and all the members of the family were present, which created a holiday atmosphere.
It was the first time that I was to be away form home for as long as half a year. My parents were somehow a little bit upset. My father gave me a great deal of advice as to health and studies. He wanted me to write home at least once a week, and to consult with him on any kind of trouble that I might meet with. He also gave me four letters of introduction to his friends in the city.
My mother packed a lot of things for me. There were even cakes and biscuits, among other things. She told me repeatedly how to take good care of myself at college.
My brother, aged eleven, offered to sleep with me for the night and presented me with a picture of a dog. He said: “You will be quite a young man when you get back.” In reply I encouraged him to be a good boy, to obey my parents.
I went to bed after eleven o’clock. My mind was full of thoughts that I did not fall asleep till one o’clock. I thought of new friends I should soon make and the sweet home I had to leave for half a year. I had a dream in which I returned home six months later. As I enter the house, I awoke. It was already half past seven. I got up at once to catch the train which would take me to my college.
Sample 7
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on My Boyhood. Remember to write clearly.
My Boyhood
I was born in a village near Zhenhai. The village was semicircular in shape, with a large sea in front, and many kinds of trees planted on all sides. About half a mile from the village, there stood a ten-storied pagoda, built more than five hundred years ago and about three hundred feet high.
In spring, some of my classmates and I always climbed up to the top of the pagoda to see the budding beautiful flowers. In summer, we spent most of the time in the forests, picking wild flowers and fruits to eat. I seldom went to swim in the sea as other boys often did, because I nearly drowned myself twice.
Autumn was the kite flying season. I liked to go to the hill with my friends to fly a kite during that season. Kite flying was not the only pastime. Cricket fighting was another popular one. We always went to all places to catch as many crickets as we could. When we caught them, we brought them home and sorted the best ones. We took good care of them and trained them into good fighters.
In winter, though the weather was cold, we seldom stayed at home. We always looked forward to a big snowfall, so that we could start a snow fight or make snow figures which would offer us a lot of fun.
As time passes on rapidly, those childish habits or pastimes are no longer with me. But they will remain a happy memory all my life.
Sample 8
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on My Summer Resort. Remember to write clearly.
My Summer Resort
As it became hotter and hotter, I went together with my brother to my uncle’s house, a very small farmhouse handed down from our forefathers, to spend the summer. Obviously, life in the country is very different from that in the city. People who have live long in the city often wish for that calm, pure, and beautiful rural life.
Early in the morning I took a stroll along the field side. The air was fresh and pure. With a dog following, sometimes I ran a race in the meadows, which were covered with tall grass. Sometimes I climbed up the hill to see the sun rising slowly from the eastern horizon. The birds also seemed to have waked up from their dreams, twittering restlessly among the bushes. I fixed my eyes upon the smooth, clear, and bright surface of the murmuring steam, to see the fish swimming. In order to appreciate the quietness of the country, I gave up myself entirely to nature, with a light heart and a happy mind.
At noon I dared not go out, for the sun was at its height. Instead of rice and meat, we took much ice cream, watermelon, and fruit for lunch. It was my habit to take a nap in some windy, cool places. In the evening, I always talked wit little neighbors and even forgot to go to sleep. I became quite interested in their innocent questions, and artless smiles. Besides these, I was often attracted by the mysterious night scenes, when the moon shone through the windows and the fireflies wandered above the dark, green corns.
Sample 9
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on A Bitter Sweet Experience. Remember to write clearly.
A Bitter Sweet Experience
The results of the college entrance examination came. I tore open the envelope. As soon as I saw the score, tears streamed down my face. I fell into my bed and did not get up the whole day . All was over. What is the meaning to live on earth? For the first time I thought of death, of being a vagrant and of being single all my life. I was only seventeen. Wasn’t it cruel to me? My father was hurt and he could not stand it, that his son was a disgrace. He was angry beyond words. My mother kept silent, and often I saw her in tears. Horror filled the house.
Encouraged by my parents I took the exam again. Again I failed. It seemed that my fate would go against my will. Hearing the news, my mother lost ten pounds in just a few days. I remember even now the sad looks in her eyes. My father locked all my books irrelevant to the exam. I was broken down. I was left with no choice but to fight my way out.
I can never forget the day when I left for my study area. On September 2nd, 1986 I bid farewell to my mother and stepped on my way. My father sent me by car. I sank down in the back seat, weak and discouraged, like a prisoner going on exile.
In the following year, I exerted myself in study trying hard to keep myself in control. I worked and worked. At last, success showed me her late-coming smiling face. I entered Anhui University. Friends and relatives poured in for congratulations. I received lots of gifts, among them there were dozens of pens.
Maybe those who have experienced bitter failure know deeply the sweet taste of success.
Sample 10
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on An Unforgettable Event in My Childhood. Remember to write clearly.
An Unforgettable Event in My Childhood
My memory doesn’t reveal everything important that happened to me in my childhood. But I remember clearly that day when my cousin suddenly died of cancer. I was eight then.
My cousin was a year older than I and we often studied and played together on holidays. We would compete against each other in solving arithmetic problems. We would go fishing on sunny days, usually catching many small fish. We would play in the snow when snowfall came. If it was windy, we would make kites and fly them. My cousin liked to smile and I sued to be so happy with him.
Then one day my father told me that my cousin had caught some kind of disease and was in hospital. I didn’t take it seriously at first. I thought he could just be fine in a couple of weeks. But then he had to be treated in a better hospital My uncle took him to Beijing for treatment. I remember I wrote him a letter. I was so silly that I even asked him to read more books in his spare time. (I was worrying about that coming final examination fro him, but surely the poor boy could have no spare time from those sharp pains all over.) Indeed, I just didn’t realize how serious his condition was.
In my mind, life was full o happiness and love. And I had no idea of death then. So when my cousin’ death come to me, I was shocked. I couldn’t say a word. I seemed to be jerked suddenly out of myself, out of the world of the happy little girl, out of a world in which I thought life was made up of endless happiness. It was a feeling I had never had before, which I couldn’t and can’t describe.
That night when I turned off the light and went to bed, I thought my cousin was somewhere in the darkness, smiling at me. I was frightened. But I didn’t ask mother or father to deep me company. I simply didn’t do that. I just lay there in the dark, feeling the cold emotion of fear. As the fear became less, my mind began to work. I thought about my cousin. He was no longer in his house. They said he had died. But how and why had he died? I thought about my mum and dad. I was very afraid that they would suddenly die. Then I made my biggest decision that before their deaths, I wouldn’t always bring them trouble. Instead, I should bring them happiness and love as they had brought me. And first of all, I should learn how to live my life.
Yes, right on that day I came to know that life is not so nice as I had thought before. But I would value it because there is death.
本文地址：http://www.dioenglish.com/writing/samples/100440.html
