百喻经之三五: 宝箧镜喻
§35 宝箧镜喻
(35) the mirror in a valuable case
昔有一人,贫穷困乏,多负人债,无以可偿,即便逃避。至空旷处,值箧,满中珍宝。有一明镜,著珍宝上,以盖覆之。贫人见已,心大欢喜,即便发之。见镜中人,便生惊怖,叉手语言:“我谓空箧,都无所有;不知有君在此箧中,莫见嗔也。”
once upon a time there was a poor and weary man who was always in debt. insolvent, he hid himself in the wilderness where he found a valuable case full of precious things. a crystal mirror covered them. the poor man was most delighted to see them. he did not hesitate to take them. but he was frightened when he discovered a man's image in the mirror. twisting his hands, he said, "i thought it was nothing more than on empty case. i wasn't aware of your being in the case. don't get angry with me!" he then gave up the whole case.
凡夫之人,亦复如是。为无量烦恼之所穷困,而为生死、魔王、债主之所缠著。欲避生死,入佛法中修行善法,作诸功德,如值宝箧。为身见镜之所惑乱,妄见有我,即便封著,谓是珍宝。于是堕落,失诸功德,禅定道品、无漏诸善、三乘道果,一切都失。如彼愚人,弃于宝箧,著我见者,亦复如是。
so are the people from all walks of life. those who are weary of countless annoyances in life and persecuted by the creditors of the transmigration devil, want to avoid them and free from them through their belief in buddhism. they begin to practice their faith and do good deeds just as the valuable case to the poor man. troubled by the man's image- in the mirror, they wrongly cling to the ego taken as the real. they fall decadent and lose all their merits acquired previously from meditation, monastic grade and good deeds. furthermore, they fail in their attainment of the nirvana from the three vehicles, just like the stupid man sticking to the prejudice of the ego and abandoning their precious findings in the case.
白话:
从前有一个人,贫穷困乏,欠了人家许多债,无钱可以偿还,就逃走避债去了。到了一处空旷的地方,遇见一只箱子,内中装满了珍宝。有一面明镜,放在珍宝上,用来盖覆这些东西。贫人见了,心中异常地高兴,即刻就打开来,见到镜中有个人,不胜惊讶,且害怕起来,拱手说道:「我以为是空箧,一无所有的,不知有您在这箧中,请不要生气。」
世间的人也是这样,受著无量烦恼的穷迫困扰,又受著生死魔王债主的缠著,想要逃避生死,就进入佛法中,修行善法,作种种功德,恰如遇见宝箧一般。受到对身体持真实之我的见解这面镜子的惑乱,错误地以为有真实的我,即刻就封闭起来,与善法无缘了。于是堕落,失掉了种种功德,心体寂静、止于一境的道法的品类,出离了烦恼的种种善法,历经三乘由菩提之道证得槃盘之果,所有这一切都失却了。像那愚人一样,弃离了宝箧,执著于真实之我的见解的人,也是这样。
这故事比喻∶世上的人,常被很多烦恼所缠绕,成为贫穷苦恼没有福德者,又常为生死迁流的『魔王、债主』所逼迫著,因此欲求解脱生死的痛苦而修学佛法。他们作了种种的功德,这好像碰到了宝箱,可是又往往被『身见、我执』所惑乱,在无常无我中妄执有我。这『身见我执』譬如镜中的面像,他们误作真实,因此不能修成禅定道品等无漏功德的道果。这和已遇到宝箱而竟无所得是很相类似的。
源流:
《杂譬喻经》(后汉佚名译)卷下:昔有长者子新迎(娶)妇,甚相爱敬。夫语妇言:「卿入厨中取蒲桃酒来共饮之。」妇往开瓮,自见身影在此瓮中,谓更有女人,大恚,还语夫言:「汝自有妇藏著瓮中,复迎我为?」夫自入厨视之,开瓮见己身影,逆恚其妇,谓藏男子。二人更相忿恚,各自呼为实。有一梵志与长者子素情亲厚,过与相见,夫妇闘(dòu),问其所由,复往视之,亦见身影,恚恨长者:
「自有亲厚藏瓮中,而阳(佯)共闘乎?」即便舍去。复有一比丘尼,长者所奉,闻其所诤如是,便往视瓮中,有比丘尼,亦恚舍去。须臾,有道人亦往视之,知为是影耳,喟然叹曰:「世人愚惑,以空为实也。」呼妇共入视之,道人曰:「吾当为汝出瓮中人。一取一大石,打坏瓮,酒尽,了无所有。二人意解,知定身影,各怀惭愧。(《大正藏》第四册第五o九页)
《大智度论》卷八十九:如人闇(àn)中见似人物,谓是实人,而生畏怖:又如恶狗临井,自吠其影,水中无狗,但有其相,而生恶心,投井而死。(《大正藏》第二十五册第六九一页)
《维摩诘所说经·观众生品》第七「菩萨云何观于众生」句下,僧肇撰《注维摩结经》卷六:「如一痴人行路,遇见遗匣,匣中有大镜,开匣视镜,自见其影,谓是匣主,稽首归谢,舍之而走。」(《大正藏》第三十八册第三八三页)
《楞严经》卷四:室罗达城演若达多忽于晨朝以镜照面,爱镜中头,眉目可见,瞋责己头,不见面目,以为魑魅,无状狂走。(《大正藏》第十九册第一二一页)
唐开元敦煌写本残卷《启颜录》:鄠县董子尚村,村人并痴。有老父遣子将钱向市买奴,语其子曰:「我闻长安人卖奴,多不使奴预知之,必藏奴于余处,私相平章(洽谈),论其价值,如此者是好奴也。」其子至市,于镜行(háng)中踱行,人列镜于市,顾见其影,少而且壮,谓言(以为)市人欲卖好奴,而藏著镜中,因指麾(指点)镜曰:「此奴欲得几钱?」市人知其痴也,诳之曰:「奴值十千。」便付钱买镜,怀之而去。至家,老父迎门问曰:「买得奴何在?」曰:「在怀中。」父曰:「取看好不?」其父取镜照之,正见眉须皓白,面目黑皱,乃大瞋,欲打其子,曰:「岂有用十千钱,而贵买如此老奴?」举杖欲打其子。其子惧而告母,母乃抱一小女走至,语其夫曰:「我请自观之。」又大瞋曰:「痴老公,我儿止(只)用十千钱,买得子母两婢,仍自嫌贵?」老公欣然。释之余(把它放下之后),于处(放的地方)尚不见奴,俱谓奴藏未肯出。
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