百喻经之十八: 就楼磨刀喻
§18 就楼磨刀喻
(18) grind a knife upstairs
昔有一人,贫穷困苦,为王作事。日月经久,身体羸瘦。王见怜愍,赐一死驼。贫人得已,即便剥皮,嫌刀钝故,求石欲磨。乃于楼上得一磨石,磨刀令利,来下而剥。
once upon a time there was a poor man who had to work very hard in the king's service. as time went on, he became emaciated. out of pity, the king gave him a dead camel. having received it, the poor man began to flay it. his knife being very blunt, he looked for a whetstone to grind it. at last, he found one upstairs where he sharpened the knife. he then went back downstairs to skin the camel.
如是数数往来磨刀,后转劳苦,惮不能数上,悬驼上楼,就石磨刀。深为众人之所嗤笑。
he ran up and down the stairs doing the sharpening and skinning frantically for a while and finally he felt so tired that he could not go on any longer. then he had to hang the camel upstairs to be closer to the whetstone. people guffawed at him.
犹如愚人,毁破禁戒,多取钱财,以用修福,望得生天。如悬驼上楼磨刀,用功甚多,所得甚少。
a stupid man who, by breaking the strict commandments gathers plenty of money and uses it on offering in the hope that he will be born in heaven. this stupid man is just like the poor man who worked hard for little gain in hanging his camel upstairs and sharpening his knife.
注释:
① 怜愍:愍,同悯。怜悯。
② 数上:多次上下楼。
③ 禁戒:佛门戒律,亦即不能违犯的律条。
白话:
从前有一个人,十分贫困,为国王做工,长年累月,身体瘦弱不堪。国王见了以后怜悯他,赏给他一峰死骆驼。穷人把骆驼送回家后,就动手剥骆驼皮。他嫌刀刃不锋利,找磨刀石磨刀。在阁楼上找到了一块磨刀石,将刀刃磨利后,下楼继续剥皮。就这样反复上楼去磨刀刃,弄得疲惫不堪,他担心爬不动楼梯,干脆把骆驼吊上楼阁,挨着磨刀石磨刀。人们都嘲笑他的愚笨。
这就好比愚蠢的修行者破除了律条的约束,贪图财物,为自己谋福利,还渴望能够进入美好、光明的天界。像悬挂死骆驼在楼上磨刀一样的愚蠢。
解说:
此则可与第四十三则<磨大石喻>比看。
辨析:
舍便利而求于繁琐,舍取磨石下楼而上楼不止,以至于悬挂死驼于楼,其根本目的在于磨刀剥驼皮。不惜就难避易,会使人觉得好笑,磨刀是必需的,方式也要合理,因此我们常说,好的想法没有好的措施,同样会走向荒诞。这个故事比喻出一个发人深思的命题:一个追寻理想或人生真谛的人,“喜舍”与“敛财”的选择,是决定走向理想坦途还是奔向崎岖山谷的关键。佛教对待钱财所采取的态度是难能可贵的,在商品交换和阶级对立的社会里,人们对于“人为财死,鸟为食亡”、“有钱能买鬼推磨”、“钱能通神”以及“自古衙门朝南开,有理无钱莫进来”的现象早已司空见惯。更有甚者,诸如“钱是命,命是狗屎”的讥咒般的话语也能听到。而以平常心、布施心对待钱财的佛家义理就显得格外令人注意,它无疑是有认识价值的。
(摘自《百喻经注释与辨析》荆三隆 邵之茜著)
供您思考:
圣法法师在《百喻故事广释》里说:“人往上爬、水往下流”。谁不愿往上爬呢?没有衣食住的时候努力求衣食住,有了衣食住时求更美好的,没有积蓄时,省食俭用都要积蓄一点,有了积蓄求更多。无名无位时求名求位,有了名位即求更高又更高,所以人的欲望也永远没有满足的时候。
众生无始以来轮回六道,生生死死不知几千万万次,其骨头堆积起来,如一座山那么高,生死受苦所流的眼泪,如海水那样多,还不能超出这六道的轮回。我们众生生活在此世间,如那个穷人欲吃一块肉,就楼上楼下地跑来跑去。
一切众生自无始以来都流浪于生死,为了生活又辛苦又造业,受许多的辛苦和折磨,才能生活,一般人都认为这是运命,或神的安排,或天生是自然的现象,没有办法自我主宰,所以认命糊糊涂涂地过了一生。或造诸恶业来求小小的安乐,乐中造苦因,不知其后果痛苦更甚!什么时候才能离苦得乐呢?那就要从佛法里寻出路了。
谁都愿意解脱生死而离了业力的束缚。这一切皆靠我们的努力,非是操在神的手里,只要我们依佛法的修行,这一切都是我们所能做得到的事情,佛法说:“世出世间随愿所成”。
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