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Naming inorganic compounds

    metal containing

    Compounds containing a metal will be based on the name of the elemental metal plus the name of the anion. The name of simple nonmetal anions convert the ending of the element name with -ide. Polyatomic anions usually end with -ite or -ate. (Note that hydroxide, OH-, is an exception.)

    F- fluoride

    Cl- chloride ClO2- chlorite ClO32- chlorate ClO4- perchlorate

    Br- bromide BrO32- bromate

    I- iodide IO32- iodate

    O2- oxide OH- hydroxide O22- peroxide

    S2- sulfide SO32- sulfite SO42- sulfate

    Se2- selenide

    N3- nitride NO2- nitrite NO3- nitrate

    P3- phosphide PO43- phosphate

    As3- arsenide AsO32- arsenate

    C4- carbide CO32- carbonate

    Si4- silicide SiO44- silicate

    a few more

    HCO3- hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

    HSO3- hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)

    HSO4- hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

    HPO42- hydrogen phosphate

    H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate

    common organic anions

    CH3COO- acetate

    HCOO- formate

    C2O42- oxalate

    common anions containing metals

    MnO4- permanganate

    CrO42- chromate

    Cr2O72- dichromate

    Metals with multiple oxidation states use a Roman numeral in parentheses to specify the oxidation state. Example:

    formula write as read as

    FeCl2 iron(II) chloride iron two chloride

    FeCl3 iron(III) chloride iron three chloride

    nonmetals

    The name of nonmetallic compounds use the name of the first element in the formula followed by the name for the other elements in the compound, modified as above. A prefix indicates the number of each atom in the compound. Examples:

    formula read as

    CO carbon monoxide

    CO2 carbon dioxide

    SO2 sulfur dioxide

    SO3 sulfur trioxide

    N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide

    Naming Complexes

    Complex ions are named with the ligand names added as prefixes to the name of the central metal ion. Anionic ligands are modified with the suffix -o, for example: chloro, Cl-, cyano, CN-, and hydroxo, OH-. Most neutral ligands retain their usual name, a few exceptions are:

    formula ligand name

    C=O carbonyl

    H2O aqua

    NH3 ammine

    formula read as

    Cu(H2O)42- tetraaquacopper(II)

    CoCl63- hexachlorocobalt(III)

 

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