2014年公共英语一级写作命题研究与技巧分析
第一节 改写句子
改写句子最基本的要求是保证改写后的句子和原句的意思大体相同,以填空的形式命题,考生需填补空白并使补全的句子与原句意思一致。要求考生要仔细阅读原句,准确理解其含,将原句和目标句相互比较,才能找出需要补全的内容,保证改写正确。
1.There be句型
基本结构为:There be+(数字)+名词+表示方位或范围的介词短语+(时间状语),了解了这一基本结构,就能找出句中应该进行转换或补全的内容。如Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以转换为Therewere many Chinese friends at the party.显然,原句中表示地点的词party在目标句中没有出现,我们补入一个介词短语即可。
There be句型还可以与含有have的句子相互转换。如There are two chairs in my bedroom.可以转换为I have two chairs in my bedroom.目标句所有场景都与原句相同,所以只能将其转换为由have表示的所属形式。
2.it句型
基本结构为It is+形容词+to do sth.,可以改为Doing sth.is+形容词。
强调句型通常强调人、物或时间。将it引导的强调句型转换为非强调句型也是经常考查的一项内容。如
It is ten o’clock when the film will start.可以转换为The film wilt start at ten o’clock.
3.主动句与被动句的相互转换
在比较原句与目标句时,如果发现其中一句的宾语变成了另一句的主语,或介词by后面的名词变成了另一句的主语,基本就可以确定这是一个主动句与被动句的相互转换。如Mike was given a lot of presents by his
friends.转换为Mike’S friends gave him a lot of presents.
4.直接引语与间接引语的相互转换
这两种句子的转换比较明显,原句和目标句中,有一句会出现引号,另一句没有引号,依此可以确定这是直接引语与间接引语的相互转换。如Dad asked me where I was going to go.转换为Dad asked,“Where are you going to go?”
第二节书面表达
本节书面表达采用“情景作文”的形式。题目的设计者首先用简单的文字为考生提供了写作情景,然后又明确提出对考生的具体要求,即需要完成的任务。写作材料一般为应用文。
下表是2004.9—2008.3写作材料的类型总结:
从上表可以看出,书信类作文在历年PETS一级考试的真题中所占的比例最大,而且信函的内容都很贴近实际生活,这也放映出PETS一级写作部分的特点:注重实用性。这就要求考生在平常的练习中,要对此类作文多加训练。下面是对常考的几种应用文的格式介绍:
1.书信(Letter)
书信的格式是:信头(发信人的地址和日期),位于信纸的右上角;信内地址(收信人的地址,私人信件可省去),位于左边信头下两行;称呼,位于信内地址下;正文,位于弥呼下,缩进两个字符;结尾,位于正文右边下两行;署名,位于结尾下。如:
No. 4. Jianguo Rd. Shanghai April 24th. 2008
Dear Sister,
It has been half a year since you left home. I miss you very much. Luckily, I' ll come to Guangzhou to attenda meeting on May 10th. The meeting will last five days. I will come to see you during my staying in Guangzhou andwe can have a good talk.
I’m looking forward to seeing you !
Yours. Xiao Ming
2.请假条(Request for leave)
请假条常采用书信格式,比较正式,需写明日期、称呼、结尾和请假人的姓名.正文一定要写明请假的原因。
如:
5th Sept. 2008
Dear Mr. Zhang,
I' m feeling very sad today and can not come to work. The doctor advised me to stay in bed for a few days.
Now I' m writing to ask for sick leave of three days. I'll come back to work as soon as I feel better.
Yours truly, Wang Ying
3.留言条(Message left)
一般用于熟人之间在某一场合直接留言。留言时往往简明扼要,格式也较简单。日期可写年、月、日,也可写星期几、上下午或几点钟。称呼语中Dear可用可省。名字,般只用姓或名,如双方不熟悉,也可用全名。语言特点是用词随便通俗.比较接近口语。如:
3 p.m. Oct. 4
Mei,
I arrived in Shanghai this morning. At present. I am staying at Oriental Hotel, Room 1204. I' ll leave Shanghai in five days. Please come over or ring me up as soon as you read this note.
Tom
4.通知(通告)(Notice)
通知(通告)是要告知某种信息而使用的一种文体。形式有:在通知(通告)上方居中写上Notice字样作为标题;无称呼语,通知中用第三人称;出通知单位或负责人名字应写在正文最后的右下方,或放在标题之上,作为标题的一部分,这样最后不再署名;出通知的日期写在正文右下方,应在单位署名的下一行。如:
Notice
All teachers and students are requested to meet in the auditorium at 2:30 on Wednesday afternoon to hear a re-port on current international affairs by Mr. Liu from the Institute of Foreign Affairs. Be sure to attend on time.
The President Office september 8 2008
5.启事(Notice)来源:www.examda.com
启事是一种公告性的通知,需要向公众说明什么事情,要求什么帮助时都可以采用。把启事内容的要点作为标题写在启事的上方正中;启事的日期写在右上方:启事者署名在右下方:不用称呼语。如:
A Wallet Found
A waetl was found in the lecture hall, inside of which are money and cards. Loser is expected to come to the Office of the Department of Foreign Languages to identify it.
The Office of the departmentof Foreign Languages
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