应试写作学与练:分析篇(1)
分析型议论文主要是判断和分析所讨论的事物或观点的性质。具体地说就是阐述其重要性,正确性,必要性或荒谬性,危害性等。例如:
The benefits of making friends of different kinds;
The importance of making cities greener;
The harmful effects of heavy exposure to TV.
此类论文基本结构如下:
Paragraph 1
S(1) Topic
S(2) Thesis(my attitude towards it)
Paragraph 2
S(3) Thesis ( more specific)
S(4) Benefit (or effect)
S(5) Detail
S(6) Benefit (or effect)
S(8) Detail
S(9) Benefit (or effect)
Paragraph 3
Conclusion
第一段引出要讨论的主题,如离婚率上升、体育锻炼热等,然后提出对这些问题的基本态度和看法,是赞成还是反对。
第二段S(3) 把为什么赞成或反对的基本理由先扼要的提一下。接着从几个方面来阐述赞成或反对的理由,即阐述事物的重要性或危害性。S(5)S(7)S(9)则用具体的实例来论证之前提出的重要性或危害性。最后一段是总结。
有时分析不一定从同一方向进行,也可以从正反两个方向进行。例如:在一篇提倡体育锻炼的文章中,当中一段可以先说体育锻炼的重要性,然后说如不进行体育锻炼可能带来的后果。此时的第二段结构为:
Paragraph 2
S(3) Thesis( more specific)
S(4) Importance ( with it)
S(5) Detail 1
S(6) Detail 2
S(7) Consequence ( without it)
S(8) Detail 1
S(9) Detail 2
此类作文的常用句型如下:
1.One of the benefits derived from / harmful effects on ……。 is……
2.To have a better/ full understanding/ appreciation of ……, we may look at / turn to ……
3.There's hardly a man or woman who doesn't ………
4.Another benefit/ effect is concerned with/ relates to………
5.A good case in point / typical example of this is……
6.Of all the benefits resulting from, none has been / nothing is more significant than/ as significant as………
7.Thus, it can be seen that………。
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