BEC考官教你商务英语写作 第四章商务报告写作：Unit 2 格式及语言要求(2)
商务报告的语气和风格
商务报告的语气和风格反映了报告人对报告主体和报告读者的态度。有效又有力的语气是客观的、全面的、公正的。
如果写非正式或较短的报告，在撰写人和报告读者个人关系友好的情况卜，可以使用第一人称，口气也相应随和。
在写给全体职员的年度或季度报告中，使用第三人称可以有效地使读者置身于报告的每一件事之中。
正式语气是通过使用第三人称、列举事实和数据，而且以不表达个人对报告所传达信息的情感和观点来实现的。
此外，呈给上级部门的报告，语气显示委婉、试探和尊重，而来自上级的报告多是用一种直截了当和决断的语气写出的。
在撰写商务报告时，要特别注意以下几点：
l）目的明确、主题突出、表达确切；
2）不要花泥带水，要开门见山，击中要害；
3）用词精炼、简洁，用比较正式的文字，少用口语；
4）适当使用被动语态，因为此语态有助于表达信息本身；
商务报告中常用术语
-> 引言 Introduction
引言部分主要是向读者介绍报告的写作目的，写作目的应该是分清晰并能够高度概括下面内容。引言应该简单明了，尽量用一句话把它概括出来。引言中常用的术语有：
The report/proposal aims/sets out to... investigate/evaluate/assess/study...
The aim/purpose of this report/proposal is to... recommend/analyze/give...
-> 调查中发现的情况 Findings
事实发现部分是从调查的众多情况中筛选出与本报告最相关的结果呈现在读者面前。事实应些得尽量清晰、简洁， 段落之间应用关联词有机地联系在一起。事实发现部分常用于有：
It was found that...
The disparity clearly showed...
The following points summaries our key findings.
The key findings are outlined below.
We discovered that...
-> 结论 Conclusion
结论部分用来表达作者已采集到的信息的看法。不仅如此，作者还可以通过表面的情况分析出深层次的观点。结论部分也应该非常简洁。结论部分常用的术语有：
It was decided/agreed/felt that...
It is clear that...
No conclusions were reached regarding...-> 建议Recommendations
建议部分主要表达作者认为应该采取的行动，尽量用一两句话把它完成。常用的术语有：
It is suggested/proposed/recommended that...
We(strongly)recommend that...
It is essential to...
It would be advisable to...上面讲述了报告中4个主要格式需要使用的术语。除此之外，报告中的其他信息在表达时也要通过连接词把他们连贯下来，其实这样的连接词在各种文件的写作中都有需要。下面介绍的内容包括如何将信息递进、如何对比信息，以及如何联系因果关系。
-> 如何附加信息 adding ideas
Furthermore/moreover/in addition
->对比不同的事物 Contrasting ideas
However... 但是
Although..., ... 尽管（后跟从句）....
Despite/in despite of 尽管（后跟名词）...
... while/whereas... ... 而...
例如：
This is something Worldwide doesn't offer whereas ERS do.
In spite of cost, ERS are offering the better deal...
->对比事物的相同点 Making comparisons
Both/Neither... 两者都/两者都不...
Like/unlike， 像/不像
例如：
They‘re both pretty similar.
Like ERS, they have a ...
Neither company meets all our key needs.
->表达因果的短语或举行Liking cause and effect
Because of /As a result of/Due to/Owing to...
This means...
... leads to/results in...
以上就是报告写作中常用术语以及基本句型。下面是一份报告，读者可以把刚刚学到的举行和报告结构加以巩固。
背景资料：
一家公司在今年的经营过程中盈利颇丰，准备将利润进行再投资。公司决定投资股票市场，目前有两公司在挑选范围之内，一家是化工企业，一家是啤酒酿造厂。下面就是该公司针对两家企业所做的可行性分析报告。
Introduction
This report aims to assess which company, either Ramsdan Breweries or Bute Chemicals, should invest in.
Ramsden
The company had mixed results last year; although turnover increased by approximately 25%, net profit rose by less than 4%. However, restructuring may be able to eliminate these inefficiencies and expected growth in the drinks industry suggests opportunities for increased profits.
Bute
Results were disappointing, with turnover and profits both falling slightly. Nevertheless, the company managed to increase its dividend to shareholders. The rumored merger seems likely to push up the share price considerably.
Conclusion
Despite the merger rumours, any investment in Bute Chemicals would involve a risk Ramsden, on the other hand, despite its presen inefficiency, is still profitable and has definite potential for further growth.
Recommendation
We would recommend investment in Ramsdem Breweries.
Practice 练习
1.将下面句子改写成报告中需要的被动语态的形式。
例子： There's lack of communication in sales.
(it/feel) it was felt that there was a lack of communication in Sales.
a. Let's org anise some training for our team leaders.
(it/suggest)
b. We're going to bring in a consultant.
(it/decide)
c. It seems team leaders' roles aren't clear enough.
(it/find)
d. Ok, we'll start implementing Workset next month.
(it/agree)
e. Ekstrom needs to set up new assessment centers.
(We/recommend)
2. 题目要求： 有一家公司准备将其中的一个部门从西雅图搬到柏林。在挑选搬家公司为其服务时，这家公司对比了两家机构ERS 和Worldwide Relocation 的各项服务。他们从以下几个方面进行了对比，请根据调查结果写一篇场为120~140字的报告。
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