英语四级作文备考技巧之变化
许多人将简洁与简短混为一谈,其实二有很大区别。简洁的主旨是用尽量少的词汇讲述整个故事,简短的主旨则是为保持文章篇幅短小,精心撰写或随意删除文中的某些词语或章节。
简洁并不意味着总写短句子。事实上,如果句式缺乏变化,文章就会显得支离破碎,缺少联系,让人觉得写作技巧贫乏。句式的变化能令文章协调而流畅,会让读者感觉到作者对主题把握得游刃有余。虽然短句没什么语法错误,但用得太多会使本应合在一起的意思分离开来。所以不要使用一串串短的、支离破碎的句子。要理清自己的思路,尽量使句子长度有所变化。
例:
Before: The Art of Strategy was written by Sun Tzu. It is a fifty-six-hundred-word Chinese classical work. The writer put forth a set of principles in a very tightly compressed manner. They deal with how to defeat oppositions and win battles.
这种表达的问题在于:
(1) 简单的“主语+谓语”结构太多;
(2) "written"和"writer", "The Art of Strategy"和" It","set of principles"和" they"为重复用语;
(3) 读起来很单调。
After:In his fifty-six-hundred word classic, The Art of Strategy, Sun Tzu put forth a tightly compressed set of principles for achieving triumph over opposition.
介词结构+同位语+主语+谓语的形式比较好,因为将"Sun Tzu" 放到了最重要成分-主语的位置,其他成分按逻辑排序居次要地位。整个句子很流畅。
句式变化的一些技巧
英语的一个显著特征是它可轻易地把简单结构(一个中心意思)转化为复合结构(两个中心意思)和复杂结构(一个中心意思和一个从属意思)甚至转化为复合-复杂结构(两个或以上的意思)。主句,又称独立句,表达可独立成句的思想内容。从句,又称非独立句,表达不能独立成句,而需与主句一起构成完整的思想内容。达到句式多变的最佳期途径是把关键词或短语换到开头或结尾,从中发现达到你的目的和适合你的品味的最好方法。通过连接短句--省词,增词,改变词序或把不那么重要的思想放到从句中去--你就可以写出更流畅,成熟的句子。
例
Before: Lu Hao graduated last summer. He joined the First Auto Works in Changchun soon after graduation. He received an engineering degree from his college.
采用从句能将这三个简单句以不同方式连接起来。
After: After graduating last summer with an engineering degree, Lu Hao soon joined the First Auto Works in Changchun.
(介词结构 + 主语 + 谓语)
或: An engineering degree-holder, Lu Hao joined the First Auto Works in hangchun last summer soon after graduation.
(同位语 + 主语 + 谓语 +状语)
或: Having graduated with an engineering degree, Lu Hao joined the First Auto Works in Changchun last summer.
(状语+ 主语 + 谓语)
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