百喻经之九: 叹父德行喻
§9 叹父德行喻
(9) the father's virtues are praised
昔时有人,于众人中,叹己父德,而作是言:“我父慈仁,不害不盗,直作实语,兼行布施。”
once upon a time there was a man who praised his father's virtues before everybody. "my father is compassionate. he neither kills nor steals. he speaks earnestly and gives alms," said the man.
时有愚人,闻其此语,便作是言:“我父德行,复过汝父。”诸人问言:“有何德行?请道其事。”愚人答曰:“我父小来,断绝淫欲,初无染污。”众人语言:“若断淫欲,云何生汝?”深为时人之所怪笑。
at the time, it so happened that a stupid man heard those words and declared, "my father is more virtuous than yours." the others asked, "in what way he is more virtuous'! please tell us about him." the man answered, "undefiled as my father was, he gave up completely his sexual desires when he was young". the others said, "if your father had done so, how could he have brought you into the world?" this aroused the sardonical laugh from all those around him.
犹如世间无智之流,欲赞人德,不识其实,反致毁訾。如彼愚者,意好叹父,言成过失,此亦如是。
there are those ignorant people in the world who want to extol the merits of others without knowing how to be realistic and get ridiculed instead. these people are just like that stupid man who wanted to praise his father but turned out to speak fatuously.
注释:
①淫欲:在性行为上放纵,违反社会道德。本文指性行为。
②初无染污:从未与异性有过接触。
③毁訾(zi):诋毁议论。
白话:
从前有个人在大家的面前赞誉自己父亲的人品:“我父亲仁慈宽厚,不损害他人,不拿不义之财,行为正派,实话实说,并能够关心和帮助别人。”这时有一个愚蠢的人,听到这些话,就接着讲:“我父亲的品行超过您的父亲。”大家便问:“有什么品行呢?请具体说一说。”愚人回答:“我父亲从小就断绝了性行为,从未与异性接触,做不干净的事。”大家发问:“如果他断绝了性行为,怎么会生下你呢?”惹来了大家的一片讥笑声。
这就像社会上没有常识的人,想称赞别人的品德,但不了解实际情况,反而会招来人们的诋毁和议论。这和愚蠢的人,本意是赞誉父亲,却由于表达不当,惹人讥笑的道理一样。
解说:
名实相当,方能完美地达到目的。
辨析:
从初衷上看是相同的,但结果却相去甚远,问题的症结在哪里呢?
佛家有“一花一世界,一树一精神”的说法。在自然中,如果认起真来,也找不到两片完全相同的叶。在世界上亦无两个完全相同的人。但作为人,有一点在生活中是相同的,就是都需要理解、信任、关心、鼓励和充满爱的心,孩童需要鼓励,老者也同样如此,也许在经过了许多风风雨雨、悲欢离合的岁月之后,更需要也更能体会出鼓励和尊重的内涵和意蕴。当然适当的方法和善意表彰的意愿要统一。要想使动机和效果相合,把握分寸就显得相当重要了。
(摘自《百喻经注释与辨析》)
供您思考:
圣法法师说:“世间每一个人都爱着面子,爱受人家的赞扬。不希望人家嫌东嫌西,不喜欢人家说他缺点,或不对的事情,而且喜欢夸耀自己的亲人。”过分的夸耀也会反而贬降自己的人格。可是一般人都爱听虚伪的话。譬如做生意即“牺牲血本”“三折五折优待”来招引顾客。在人前即赞扬此人如何的能干、聪明或仁德学问等,在背后即说他坏话一大堆。因而社会变成人人都虚伪——“自欺欺人被人欺”。
编者言:
有一天我家来了个客人,向我家人赞叹某法师持戒清净,连牛奶都不喝。我闻之不解,便前去问她:你是居士,不知比丘戒,怎么知道他持戒清净呢?如果单凭不喝牛奶谓持戒清净,那么250条比丘戒成了牛奶戒了,再说佛陀在世时亦喝牛奶,这比丘戒跟牛奶有什么关系呢?
我再问:“那位法师为什么不喝牛奶呢?”她回答说:“因为他说牛奶是小牛吃的,人喝了牛奶,小牛就没吃了,就有伤慈悲心。”我微微发笑说:“要真有小牛,农民怎肯让小牛饿肚子,把牛奶卖给人吃呢?何况牛奶棚饲养的奶牛,是专门供人喝奶的呢?”
这两位所说,实与《百喻经》里的叹父德行的愚人一样地愚得令人发笑。
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