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瓦尔登湖:Former Inhabitants and Winter Visitors4

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  Now only a dent in the earth marks the site of these dwellings,with buried cellar stones, and strawberries, raspberries,thimble-berries, hazel-bushes, and sumachs growing in the sunny sward there; some pitch pine or gnarled oak occupies what was the chimney nook, and a sweet-scented black birch, perhaps, waves where the door-stone was.  Sometimes the well dent is visible, where once a spring oozed; now dry and tearless grass; or it was covered deep―― not to be discovered till some late day ―― with a flat stone under the sod, when the last of the race departed.  What a sorrowful act must that be ―― the covering up of wells! coincident with the opening of wells of tears.  These cellar dents, like deserted fox burrows, old holes, are all that is left where once were the stir and bustle of human life, and "fate, free will, foreknowledge absolute," in some form and dialect or other were by turns discussed.  But all I can learn of their conclusions amounts to just this, that "Cato and Brister pulled wool"; which is about as edifying as the history of more famous schools of philosophy.

  Still grows the vivacious lilac a generation after the door and lintel and the sill are gone, unfolding its sweet-scented flowers each spring, to be plucked by the musing traveller; planted and tended once by children's hands, in front-yard plots ―― now standing by wallsides in retired pastures, and giving place to new-rising forests; ―― the last of that stirp, sole survivor of that family. Little did the dusky children think that the puny slip with its two eyes only, which they stuck in the ground in the shadow of the house and daily watered, would root itself so, and outlive them, and house itself in the rear that shaded it, and grown man's garden and orchard, and tell their story faintly to the lone wanderer a half-century after they had grown up and died ―― blossoming as fair,and smelling as sweet, as in that first spring.  I mark its still tender, civil, cheerful lilac colors.

  But this small village, germ of something more, why did it fail while Concord keeps its ground?  Were there no natural advantages ――no water privileges, forsooth?  Ay, the deep Walden Pond and cool Brister's Spring ―― privilege to drink long and healthy draughts at these, all unimproved by these men but to dilute their glass.  They were universally a thirsty race.  Might not the basket,stable-broom, mat-making, corn-parching, linen-spinning, and pottery business have thrived here, making the wilderness to blossom like the rose, and a numerous posterity have inherited the land of their fathers?  The sterile soil would at least have been proof against a low-land degeneracy.  Alas! how little does the memory of these human inhabitants enhance the beauty of the landscape!  Again,perhaps, Nature will try, with me for a first settler, and my house raised last spring to be the oldest in the hamlet.

  I am not aware that any man has ever built on the spot which I occupy.  Deliver me from a city built on the site of a more ancient city, whose materials are ruins, whose gardens cemeteries.  The soil is blanched and accursed there, and before that becomes necessary the earth itself will be destroyed.  With such reminiscences I repeopled the woods and lulled myself asleep.

  At this season I seldom had a visitor.  When the snow lay deepest no wanderer ventured near my house for a week or fortnight at a time, but there I lived as snug as a meadow mouse, or as cattle and poultry which are said to have survived for a long time buried in drifts, even without food; or like that early settler's family in the town of Sutton, in this State, whose cottage was completely covered by the great snow of 1717 when he was absent, and an Indian found it only by the hole which the chimney's breath made in the drift, and so relieved the family.  But no friendly Indian concerned himself about me; nor needed he, for the master of the house was at home.  The Great Snow!  How cheerful it is to hear of!  When the farmers could not get to the woods and swamps with their teams, and were obliged to cut down the shade trees before their houses, and,when the crust was harder, cut off the trees in the swamps, ten feet from the ground, as it appeared the next spring.

  现在只有一个凹痕,作这些住宅的记认,地窖中的石头深深陷下,而草毒、木莓、覆盆子、榛树和黄栌树却一起在向阳的草地上生长;烟囱那个角落现在给苍松或多节的橡树占去了,原来是门槛的地方,也许还摇曳着一技馥郁的黑杨树。有时,一口井的凹痕看得很清楚,从前这里有泉水,现在是干燥无泪的草;也许它给长草遮蔽了,――要日久以后才有人来发现,――长草之下有一块扁平的石头,那是他们中间最后离开的一个人搬过来的。把井遮盖起来――这是何等悲哀的一件事!与它同时,泪泉开始涌流了。

  这些地窖的凹痕,像一些被遗弃了的狐狸洞,古老的窟窿,是这里曾经有过熙熙攘攘的人类的遗迹,他们当时多少也曾经用不同的形式,不同的方言讨论过,什么“命运、自由意志、绝对的预知”,等等。但是据我所知,他们所讨论的结果便是这个,“卡托和勃立斯特拉过羊毛”;这跟比较著名的哲学流派的历史同样地富于启发。

  而在门框,门楣,门槛都消失了一世代之后,生机勃勃的丁香花还是生长着,每年春天展开它的芳香的花朵,给沉思的旅行者去摘;从前是一双小孩子的手种下的,在屋前的院子里――现在都生在无人迹的牧场上的墙脚边,并且让位给新兴的森林了;――那些了香是这一个家庭的唯一的幸存者,孑然一遗民。那些黑皮肤的小孩子料想不到,他们在屋前阴影里插在地上的只有两个芽眼的细枝,经过他们天天浇水,居然扎下这么深的根,活得比他们还长久,比在后面荫蔽了它们的屋子还长久,甚至比大人的花园果园还长久,在他们长大而又死去之后,又是半个世纪了,而丁香花却还在把他们的故事叙述给一个孤独的旅行者听,――而它们的花朵开得何等地美,香味何等甜蜜,正如在第一个春天里一样。我看到了依然柔和、谦逊而愉快的丁香结的色彩。

  可是这一个小村落,应该是可以发展的一个幼芽,为什么康科德还在老地方,它却失败了呢?难道没有天时地利,――譬如说,水利不好吗?啊,瓦尔登之深,勃立斯特泉水之冷,――何等丰富,喝了何等有益于健康,可是除了用来把他们的酒冲淡之外,这些人丝毫没有加以利用。他们都只是些口渴的家伙。为什么编篮子,做马棚扫帚,编席子,晒干包谷,织细麻布,制陶器,这些营生在这儿不能发展,使荒原像玫瑰花一样开放,为什么又没有子子孙孙来继承他们祖先的土地呢?硗薄的土地至少是抵挡得住低地的退化的。可叹啊!这些人类居民的回忆对风景的美竟无贡献!也许,大自然又要拿我来试试,叫我做第一个移民,让我去年春天建立的屋子成为这个村子的最古老的建筑。

  我不知道在我占用的土地上,以前有什么人建筑过房屋。不要让我住在一个建筑于古城之上的城市中,它以废墟为材料,以墓地为园林。那里的土地已经惊惶失色,已经受到诅咒,而在这些成为事实之前,大地本身恐怕也要毁灭了。有这样的回忆在心头,我重新把这些人安置在森林中,以此催我自己入眠。

  在这种季节里,我那儿难得有客人来。当积雪最深的时候,往往一连一星期,甚至半个月都没有一个人走近我的屋子,可是我生活得很舒服,像草原上的一只老鼠或者牛,或者鸡,据说它们即使长时期地埋葬在积雪中,没有食物吃,也能活下去哩;或者,我像本州的萨顿城中,那最早的一家移民,据说在一七一七年的大雪中,他自己不在家,可是大雪全部盖没了他的草屋,后来幸亏一个印第安人,认出了烟囱中喷出的热气在积雪中化出的一个窟窿,才把他的一家人救了出来。可是没有友好的印第安友人来关心我了,他也不必,因为屋子的主人现在在家里。大雪!听来这是多么的愉快啊!农夫们不能带了他们的驴马到森林或沼泽中来,他们不能不把门口那些遮蔽日光的树木砍伐下来了,而当积雪坚硬了,他们来到沼泽地区砍了一些树,到第二年春天去看看,他们是在离地面十英尺高的地方砍下了那些树的。

  积雪最深时,从公路到我家有半英里长的那条路,好像是迂回曲折的虚线,每两点之间都有很大的空白。一连平静一星期的天气中,我总是跨出同样的步数,同样大小的步伐,谨慎地行走,像一只两脚规一样地准确,老在我自己的深深的足印上,――冬天把我们局限在这样的路线上了,――可是这些足印往往反映出天空的蔚蓝色。其实不管什么天气,都没有致命地阻挠过我的步行,或者说,我的出门,因为我常常在最深的积雪之中,步行八英里或十英里,专为了践约,我和一株山毛榉,或一株黄杨,或松林中的一个旧相识,是定了约会时间的,那时冰雪压得它们的四肢都挂下来了,树顶就更尖,松树的样子倒像铁杉木;有时,我跋涉在两英尺深的积雪中,到了最高的山顶,我每跨一步,都得把我头顶上的一大团雪摇落下来;有几次我索性手脚都扑在地上爬行了,因为我知道猎户都躲在家里过冬天。有一个下午,我饶有兴味地观察一个有条纹的猫头鹰(学名Strixnebulosa),它坐在一株白松的下面的枯枝上,靠近了树干,在光天化日之下,我站在高它不到一杆的地方,当我移动时,步履踏在雪上的声音,它可以听到的,可是它看不清我。我发出了很大的声音来,它就伸伸脖子,竖起了它颈上的羽毛,睁大了眼睛;可是,立刻它又把眼皮阖上了,开始点头打瞌睡了。这样观察了半个小时之后,我自己也睡意蒙起来,它半开眼睛地睡着,真像一只猫,它是猫的有翅膀的哥哥。眼皮之间,它只开一条小缝,这样它和我保持了一个半岛形的关系;这样,从它的梦的土地上望我,极力想知道我是谁,是哪个朦胧的物体,或是它眼睛中的一粒灰尘在遮住它的视线。最后,或许是更响的声音,或许是我更接近了它使它不安了,在丫枝上蹒跚地转一个身,好像它的美梦被扰乱了,它颇不以为然;而当它展翅飞了起来,在松林中翱翔的时候,它的翅膀是出人意料地展开得很大,可我一点儿声音也听不到。就这样,它似乎不是用视觉,而是用感觉,在松枝之间缭绕,仿佛它那羽毛都有感觉一样,在阴暗之中,它找到了一个新的枝头,飞了上去,栖息在上页,在那儿它可以安静地等待他的一天的黎明了。

  当我走过那贯穿了草原的铁路堤岸时,我遇到一阵阵刺人肌骨的冷风,因为冷风比在任何地方都刮得更自由;而当霜雪打击了我的左颊的时候,纵然我是一个异教徒,我却把右颊也给它吹打。从勃立斯特山来的那条马车路也不见得好多少。因为我还是要到乡镇上去的,像一个友好的印第安人一样,当时那宽阔的田野上的白雪积在瓦尔登路两侧的墙垣间,行人经过了之后,不要半小时,那足迹就看不见了。回来时候,又吹了一场新的风雪,使我在里面挣扎,那忙碌的西北风就在路的一个大转弯处积起了银粉似的雪花,连一只兔子的足迹也看不到,一只田鼠的细小脚迹更是不可能看到了。可是,甚至在隆冬,我还看到了温暖、松软的沼泽地带上,青草和臭菘依然呈露常青之色,有一些耐寒的鸟坚持着,在等待春天的归来。

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