百喻经之二七: 治鞭疮喻
§27 治鞭疮喻
(27) dress whip wounds
昔有一人,为王所鞭。既被鞭已,以马屎拊之,欲令速差。有愚人见之,心生欢喜,便作是言:“我快得是治疮方法。”
once upon a time, there was a man who was punished by the king by whipping and was wounded from it. he applied on the wounds horse excrement for quick recovery. a stupid man nearby was pleased to see it. he said to himself, "i have just discovered the method to cure a wound faster."
即便归家,语其儿言:“汝鞭我背,我得好法,今欲试之。”
as soon as he got home, he told his son, "you are going to whip me until i'm wounded. i have got a good method to cure wounds. i should like to try it."
儿为鞭背,以马屎拊之,以为善巧。
then, he was flogged by his son who dressed his wounds with horse excrement, believing it was a good method.
世人亦尔。闻有人言,修不净观,即得除去五阴身疮。便作是言:“我欲观于女色,及以五欲。”
so are the people at large who hear that the practice of meditation on impurities could remove the evil corruption of the body. they say to themselves in these words, "we are going to meditate on venery and the five desires."
未见不净,反为女色之所惑乱,流转生死,堕于地狱。世间愚人,亦复如是。
they did not see the impurities of the body, but rather got deceitful and wrong ideas from the pursuit of sexual pleasure. furthermore, they suffer from transmigration and descend into hell.
this is held to be true with the stupid at large dressing their wounds with horse excrement.
注释:
① 所鞭:受到鞭打。
② 拊:同敷。
③ 差:病痊愈,又写为“瘥”。
④ 不净观:为了治贪心而观身体的不净,一是观自身的不净,二是观他身的不净,人的一切,无一净相。佛教禅定方式,据载修此禅观可观想死亡后的种种污浊,从而解除对人生世事的贪恋。是禅观“五停心观”之一,即不净观、慈悲观、因缘观、界分别观、数息观,以分别解除世俗的贪欲、瞋恚、愚痴、我见、散乱浮躁等心绪。
⑤ 五阴:又称为“五众”、“五蕴”,佛教专用名词。大致包括色、受、想、行、识五方面的内涵,通常色指物质,受、想、行、识指心理,因此“五阴”在广义上指物质世界和精神世界的总和。有著眼、耳、鼻、舌、口、大小便道之类洩漏不净的疮门,故名五阴身疮。
⑥五欲:指财欲、色欲、饮食欲、名欲、睡眠欲。
白话:
过去有一个人,遭到国王的鞭打。被鞭打后,就用马粪敷在伤口上面,想让伤口早点痊愈。有个愚蠢的人看见了,心里很高兴,便这样想到:“我快得到治疗创伤的方法了。”立刻回到家,对儿子说:“你来抽打我的背,我得到了好的治创伤的办法了,现在想试一下。”儿子使用鞭子抽打他的背,然后用马粪敷在背上,他自以为得到了很好的妙方。
世上有人也是这样,听到人说:“通过修不净观解除人世贪心和欲望的方法,就可以除去外界和精神产生的身心痛苦。”就这样讲:“我想见到女色去观女色,及从五欲中去观不净以便去除欲望。”结果非但没有领悟到女色和五欲的烦恼和不洁净,反而为女色迷惑,沉溺于世俗的转回之中,最终饱受地狱的苦难。世上愚昧的人,也同样如此。
辨析:
那个被鞭打后的人,痛不可耐,情急之中,用马粪敷之,虽然不能止痛,在心理上也许会有一种安慰。各种疗伤的土法药方,也许正是在人们千百次的实践中,不断被发现和总结出来的。当然那位自以为发现别人秘方的人,以急功近利之心忖之,自伤敷粪,只会使自己反受其害,自食苦果。它提示人们:不加分析地盲目实践,与蛮干无异。
比喻贪欲的人,由于出发点是观看女色,满足欲望,最终只能自招其害。佛教把贪欲之人的终结,表述为在地狱和种种可怕的境况下度过来生,它在客观上,对于扬善抑恶,劝戒人心是有一定作用的。在这种善恶报应影响下产生的世俗文艺,在民间广泛传播,它表现了受压迫人民的美好、善良的愿望,是人心向善的历史证明。因此我们不应简单地斥之为封建迷信,要用历史的眼光,客观辩证地对待。
(摘自《百喻经注释与辨析》荆三隆 邵之茜著)
供您思考:
圣法法师在《百喻故事广释》里说:人生一切的苦难,大都是由行为的错误而来的业报。一切的幸福快乐,也是由智慧的行为而来。所以智慧是一切幸福快乐的泉源,欲成佛解脱生死非智慧不可。这样说,世间的一切争夺、造业,也是无知的妄动。由智慧抉择去做的行为是正当的行为,由愚痴无知去做的事情便是造业罪恶的行为。
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